A first-of-its kind analysis of country data on violence against children and adolescents in the Americas reports that while the region has taken important action, serious gaps in preven-tion and response leave many children behind.
The problem has gained new urgency amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Early data indicate that the pandemic is associated with increasing risk of domestic violence, including violence against children. COVID-related lock-down, stress, anxiety, substance abuse and social and economic concerns can provoke familial conflict. Meanwhile, the pandemic has led to re-duced access of children to friends, relatives and health and protection services that might have provided support.
“Violence against children has devastating and lifelong consequences for them,” said PAHO Deputy Director Mary Lou Valdez. “COVID-19 only intensifies the problem, as triggers for do-mestic violence are heightened. It is vital that countries pay attention to violence against children in this time of increased tension and that they use the evidence-based strategies that have been successful in tackling this pernicious problem.”
The report was launched in an event that included Ms. Valdez, Maria Juliana Ruiz, the First La-dy of Colombia, Juliet Cuthbert Flynn, Minister of State in the Jamaica Ministry of Health and Wellness, Dr. Josefina Luna, Advisor for the National Council for Children and Adolescents (CONANI) of the Dominican Republic, and leaders of UNICEF, UNESCO and the Global Partner-ship to End Violence Against Children. Those three organizations – as well as numerous other groups in the region – collaborated on this report.
The Regional Status Report 2020: Preventing and Responding to Violence Against Children is based on information from 31 countries that responded to a global survey. The study marks the first time that governments have reported on progress on the INSPIRE framework, a set of seven evidence-based strategies for preventing and responding to violence against chil-dren.
These strategies, with the highest potential of reducing violence against children, include implementation and enforcement of laws, challenging social norms and values that justify use of violence; creating safe physical environments for children; providing support to par-ents and caregivers; strengthening income and economic security; improving response and support services for children; and providing children with education and life skills.
Key findings in the report include:
• All countries need to strengthen implementation of action plans and laws to address violence against children. While all countries report having laws prohibiting statutory rape, only 29% report that violators are highly likely to be sanctioned, suggesting a high level of impunity.
• Substantial progress has been made on the roll-out of INSPIRE, though progress is uneven. For example, 76% percent of countries report support of violence-prevention approaches related to education and life skills, such as anti-bullying pro-grams in schools, while 60% of countries report supporting parents and caregivers in line with the INSPIRE framework. Only 37% of countries report support to income and economic strengthening approaches to prevent violence against children.
• Too few children have access to programs and services to prevent and respond to violence. More than 90% of the countries indicate having clinical services for child survivors of sexual violence, but only 26% report that they reach all or nearly all of those in need. Only 16% report that mental health services for child survivors reach all or nearly all of those who need them.
“Given the devastating burden of violence on the region’s children and adolescents, their families and communities, we urge all countries to sustain progress and strengthen the im-plementation and effectiveness of these evidence-based approaches,” said Ms. Valdez. “No-body should be left behind. A child, who has experienced violence, must have timely access to health and protection services of good quality.”
“Violence against children is the flagship priority for UNICEF in Latin America and the Caribbe-an and we will keep working closely with government counterparts in all countries in the re-gion, with our United Nations sister agencies and with the End Violence Alliance,” said Yous-souf Abdel-Jelil, UNICEF´s Deputy Regional Director. “Violence, including homicides, is pre-ventable and we must jointly act to end this crime,” he concluded.
Violence against children takes multiple forms, including maltreatment by adults in a position of authority, bullying and fighting among peers, sexual and dating violence, and assault con-nected to peers and gangs. Violence has been linked to physical, sexual, reproductive and mental health problems as well as to socioeconomic costs such as educational undera-chievement, increased risk of unemployment and poverty, and association with gangs and organized crime.
The report, a milestone for the Americas, provides a baseline that can be a foundation for future work as the Region advances toward the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, which includes specific targets related to violence against children.